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0:00We continue our analysis of the US Iran war. And in this war, there are three major questions that will determine the outcome of this war as well as the world afterwards. Okay, these three questions are number one. Will the US launch a ground invasion? So right now the United States and issue are primarily focused on a air war striking um Iran from a distance.
In the past, we'd call this siege warfare. And as long as it remains an air war, the United States can choose to de-escalate and withdraw from the Middle East. They would lose this war, but the loss would not be catastrophic. Whereas if they choose to launch a ground invasion, it would escalate very quickly and they would be trapped in Iran for the next 5 to 10 years. It would be a catastrophe whether or not they win or lose.
Because in order to fight a ground war, the United States would have to institute a national draft where young man um as young as 18 would be forced to join the army and be sent to fight in Iran. Okay? So that's the first big question for us. Will the United States send in ground troops? Remember, this there's the idea of mission creep where maybe in the beginning you're like, "I'll send in a thousand troops to do a small mission." But then it doesn't go well, so you send in 2,000.
Okay? It slowly creeps up. It's all called mission creep. That's how the United States embroiled itself in Vietnam. All right, so that's the first big question.
Second big question is will nukes be used. There's a lot of concern
2:02online that Israel is preparing a nuclear strike on Iran because Israelis don't like how the war how how the war is going and they want to reclaim the initiative. Nukes are a taboo in geopolitics. The Americans used them at the end of World War II and no one's used them ever since. If Israel were to use tactical nuclear weapons, they would break this universal taboo and we might find ourselves in a nuclear apocalypse, okay? So, that's a great concern that everyone has right now.
And the third question is the Al-Aqsa Mosque. This is the third holiest site in the Islamic world. There's Mecca, there's Medina, and there's the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The The Muslims believe that it is from the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem where Muhammad ascended to heaven. And the Jews believe that the Al-Aqsa Mosque sits on the site of their temple, which is the house of God.
So, religious Jews, extremists, want to destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque to rebuild the third temple. And if the religious Jews, the extremists, destroy the Al-Aqsa Mosque, then the 2 billion Muslims in this world would be religiously obligated to go to war against Israel. Okay? So, these are the three big questions that um uh will determine how this war will determine the future of the world. Okay.
So, um in this class, I teach you game theory to make predictions about the future. So, right now I'm going to make three
4:02predictions. Um and then I'm I will show you my analysis as to how I make these predictions, okay? Now, what's what's important to understand is that these are only my guesses based on my analysis. And whether or not they turn out to be correct will determine the validity of my analysis.
[snorts]
I don't have inside information. I don't know more than you do, okay? I'm just working out of public knowledge and doing game theory analysis. So, according to game theory, this is yes. The United States will send in ground troops.
According to game theory, this is no. And number three is yes. Okay? So, what I'm going to do is spend the next two classes explaining to you my game theory analysis as to how I come to these conclusions. And we can watch how world events unfold.
Now, I want you to understand something, which is that for my theory to be valid, for my analysis to be valid, I have to be I have to be correct on all three, okay? If I miss one, then all my theory is wrong. Um I know there's a lot of concern from around the world that nukes will be used. And I am 100% confident that nukes will not be used at this time in this war. And if I'm wrong, I apologize to the world, okay?
But at the same time, we'll all be dead anyway. So, it doesn't really matter, right? Okay. All right. So, let me explain my analysis, okay?
So, remember, today what I'm going to do is do number one and number two, explain to you why Israel will not use nuclear weapons, and why theory, there'll be a ground invasion. And then next class, I'll explain number three to you, okay? That's a plan for this week.
[clears throat]
All right. So, to understand what's going on, I need to I need to teach some basic
6:03geopolitical theory, okay? So, in military um affairs and geopolitics, there's a concept called escalation ladder. Escalation ladder. Okay? And the dominant theory is that whoever has escalation dominance has the most advantage.
Okay, so So, what this means is let's just say you and I get in a fight, okay? I have a knife, you have a gun. Well, gun is more dominant than a knife. Therefore, you have a greater advantage over me, and therefore you should win in theory, okay? And applied to this war in the Middle East, Israel and the United States have escalation dominance because they have nuclear weapons, and Iran doesn't.
Therefore, the United States and Israel have a huge advantage over Iran. Okay? But, what I will show you today is that this theory is incorrect. It actually doesn't work that way. Right?
So, let's start off with a very simple um example. Let us say that two people get into a fight, okay? A and B.
[applause]
And how the escalation ladder will work is that maybe A and B run into each other, okay? And then A says, "Hey, man, say sorry." And then B is like, "It's not my fault. You say um sorry, okay?" So, there's a conflict. And it's usually a very small conflict. No one knows uh why, and no one knows who's who's at fault, okay?
So, they start cursing each other, okay? So, the first step is a conflict. Second step is they start cursing each other, right? Screw you. Screw you.
And then they might start pushing each
8:03other, right? Push. And then they hit each other, okay? Punch. Punch.
And then they start the fight. And then one pulls out a knife, and the other pulls out a gun. All right? And then B shoots dead A. Fight over, right?
Okay. So, there are certain things that we need to keep in mind about this example. First of all, the fight is not contained in itself, okay? You cannot perceive this game as just one between A and B, who's physically stronger. There are other players involved as well, okay?
So, for example, there are spectators or friends. There's a crowd watching you, okay? This is important because there's also the police, right? Eventually, the police will come, um the government, and they'll ask people, "Hey, what happened, man? Whose fault was it?" Right?
And also, for people who are religious, there's also God, right? If you die, you have to go up to God heaven, and God's going to ask you, "Hey, man, how did you die?" So, you have to explain how you died. All right? So, in other words, in this escalation ladder, there's three factors that you have to consider that drive people up this escalation ladder. These three factors are, of course, emotions, Second is power, And the third is reason, or logic.
Okay? And what drives people up is adrenaline. In other words, it is impossible to go to skip the escalation ladder, right? You don't go from like, "Hey, screw you." to like the guy pulling out a gun and shooting you, okay? You have to go up step by step by step, because adrenaline is rushing in your
10:04system. And this adrenaline, it's making you more angry, but it's also making you stronger and more resolved. And it's also telling you how to fight this battle, okay? And the thing to remember about this is this is really important is that it's not about how fast you climb up the escalation ladder, okay? If you get too angry and you overreact, then you are at fault, right?
What you want to do is climbing up strategically. And that means you have to remain calm and controlled. Because if you remain remain calm and controlled, you have three advantages over your opponent. The first is um focus. Second is clarity.
And the third is um focus. Uh you're you're clear and resolved, okay? Sorry, resolve. Okay? What this means is that you know what you're doing, you have a strategy.
You are clear about how to achieve your strategy and your goal, and you are determined to achieve it, okay? But in order to have all three, you have to remain calm. And therefore, you need to control yourself as you climb up this escalation ladder. Because remember, it is not about beating your opponent, it's about justifying yourself to your friends, to the police, and to God as well. Because you might hit that person, he might go to hospital, and you won the fight, but then you go to you go you go to prison for 10 years, in which case you've lost the fight.
Okay? All right? So, the main idea I want you to remember is this, and this is the law of escalation. And this is a a very important idea in my game theory model. Control is more important than dominance.
12:07Okay? Control is more important than dominance. Why? Because control is the idea of calibration. Calibration means that you time or you structure or you strategize your response in a way that helps you achieve your strategic objective.
You're not just going to punch, you're you're throwing a punch in a certain way that allows you to defend yourself, that strikes fear in the opponent, and also allows you to seem as the good guy among spectators. Okay? And then when the police come, you can justify why you threw that punch in a certain way to the police so that you don't go to jail. Okay? All right.
So, another way of saying this is that calibration is ultimately about strategic flexibility. And the idea of strategic flexibility is in a fight, the person who has the most options, the person who um has the most flexible strategy will usually win the fight. Okay? This is the law of escalation, and I'll explain to you how this applies to the US Iran war. Okay?
All right. So, before I actually talk about the war, what I what I want to do is do is what I want to do is do a thought experiment to examine how we're going to understand what's going on between the United States and Iran, okay? So, let's do a thought experiment. And the thought experiment is this. Let just say that there's a bully, okay?
And he's the biggest guy in the school. And he has a gang, okay? These are his friends. And there's like uh maybe four of them. And so, what they do is
14:08they basically prey on everyone at the school, okay? And there's maybe 100 people at the school. ALL RIGHT? AND SO, WHAT THEY do is they make everyone in the cafeteria pay a tax, okay? If you want to go in the cafeteria and eat, you have to pay a tax.
Maybe a dollar, who knows, okay? And the friends of the bully go collect the tax and then give him all the money, okay? And that is the structure of the school, where if you want to eat lunch in the cafeteria, you you have to pay a tax, and the bully's friends collect the money, and the bully shares the money among amongst his gang, okay? Now, at first, people are okay with this system because they think that it's actually beneficial because the bully is keeping the peace and order in the cafeteria, right? He's keeping everyone safe.
So, yeah, I pay a dollar, but it's not that much money, and we're all safe so that we can all enjoy our lunch in peace in the cafeteria, okay? But then what happens over time is that the The gets more and more arrogant because he feels invincible. Everyone just obeys him. So, he develops the idea of hubris. And the idea of hubris is that no one's no one has the courage to challenge me.
Everyone's afraid of me and therefore I can do what I want. So, what does he do? Well, the first thing he does is that he charges more money from everyone, okay? So, the tax goes up. And so, people are disgruntled about this.
Okay, they don't they don't they don't understand why they're paying more to the bully, okay? But, knowing that but what he will also do is pay less money to his friends so that he can have more money because he wants to buy a car
16:08or he wants to go to Paris for the summer, okay? Does that make sense? Okay, so everyone's not happy about this, but but this is the reality that they live in and there's nothing they can do about it. And so, people just put up with it. One day, a new kid comes in the school, okay?
The new kid. And he doesn't really understand the rules of the game. He goes to cafeteria and he doesn't know he's supposed to pay a tax. Right? So, the bully's friend comes over and says, "Hey man, where's where's the dollar?" And he's like, "What dollar?
I just got out of here." And he refuses to pay. And so, what they decide to do is teach him a lesson by ostracizing him, by making him sit alone by himself in the cafeteria. Okay, you have no friends because you don't know the rules and you refuse to play along. And the new kid is like, "I don't care. I'm happy not having any friends." Okay?
And so, then the bully and his friends start to discuss, "How can we get this new kid to play along?" And so, they decide what they're going to do is they're going to curse him. They're going to bully him, okay? So, the new kid goes to lunch and he's eating his lunch and the friends come down and start to curse him. He says, "You're a wimp. Do you want to fight us?" And what the new kid does is he just ignores the these these guys.
And these guys are like, "What's going on, man? Why isn't he afraid of us?" And slowly what happens is that the other people, the other kids, RECOGNIZE THAT, "WOW, MAYBE IT IS possible to rebel against the bully. Maybe it is possible not to pay these stupid taxes." And so they start talking to him secretly, okay? They give him presents, they start to say smile at him, say hi to him, okay? But the new kid just ignores everything.
18:08Right? And then the friends are like, "You know what? We don't actually benefit this much from this relationship anyway. Maybe if we appoint this new kid as the new bully, the new boss, he'll treat us better." And then you have other friends who are like, "You know what? This bully, he's he's fat, he's ugly.
Maybe I should be the boss, okay?" So, just because the new kid comes in, doesn't know the rules, and he's willing to challenge the reality, challenge the assumptions and values of this cafeteria, now there's dissent, now there's rebellion going on, okay? And different people are talking to him and um trying to form alliances with him. But what he does, and this is really really interesting, is that he just ignores everyone and keeps focused, okay? And then one day, um the bully's friend comes over and says, "You know what? You're a whip." And the new kid finally says, "I'm not afraid of you, okay?" And then this friend goes back and tells his boss, "Hey, this new kid said he's not afraid of you, man.
What are you going to do about it?" The new The bully gets really angry and says, "I'm going to go punch his face, okay?" So, the bully goes in front of the new kid and says, "If you don't apologize, I'm going to punch YOU IN THE FACE." THE new kid is like, "What did I do wrong? What should I apologize for?" And the bully is kind of confused, so he goes away, comes over the next day AND SAYS, "YOU APOLOGIZE NOW, MAN." THE NEW KID IS LIKE, "OKAY, for what? Tell me Tell me to apologize for what?" And this goes on for a long time, okay? And then eventually, the bully gets so pissed off that he punches the new kid in the face, okay? So, he started it.
The new kid, he's He's He's He's um uh hurt, but he decides to punch the bully back in the face, okay? The bully
20:09is stronger, so he beats the bully up. I'm sorry, he beats up the new kid. But, what's happened now is that everyone in the school has seen that the bully is not that strong. Everyone's seen that the bully is actually um pretty weak. And so, they recognize that, "Hey, if we stand alongside the new kid, we can beat the bully." All right?
And eventually, what happens is the bully is defeated. Does that make sense to you guys? All right. So, some of things to understand is that yes, the bully has has this dominance cuz he's stronger and he's the biggest kid in the school. He He He can beat up everyone.
But, what wins the fight is control. What wins the fight is collaboration Sorry, collaboration. Shows you the flexibility. The fact that the new kid has many different options and he's picking the option that is most strategically advanced to him. Okay?
Now, what you will notice from this example is the bully doesn't have that many options, actually. Because he needs to maintain the idea of face or credibility, right? This is the essence of his power. The His power lies in the fact that if you do not listen to him, if you do not obey him, he will come and beat the crap out of you. Right?
That's credibility. And he has to be But the moment that you show that it's not actually it's actually not that big of a deal to be punched by him. He's not that strong. Then he loses all credibility, okay? Which means that he either retreats or he's forced to strike harder to kill you.
Okay? To maintain his credibility. So, another way of saying this is that
22:11um by calibrating your movements strategically, you can manipulate the bully into self-destruction. Does that make sense to you guys? All right? Any questions? Okay, so that's the theory.
All right? So, now what we're going to do is we're going to apply this theory, the law of escalation, to what's happening in the Middle East. Okay? We're going to do that by looking at the escalation ladders of both Iran and the United States. All right.
[clears throat]
Okay. This is the US. This is Iran. Okay. So, let's look at the escalation ladder.
So, the first thing the United States does, of course, is something called decapitation. What is decapitation? Decapitation is like, I just kill your leaders, you don't have any more leaders, and therefore, you don't know what to do, and therefore, you surrender, okay? That's the first thing the US did. It didn't work.
So, now the United States is doing is attacking military targets, air defense. And military bases, okay? That's the second second step. And the idea is that you beat the crap out of the military so they surrender. But that didn't work either, okay?
So, then what you do next, of course, is economic embargo. Where you basically prevent Iran from trading with the world, right? Prevent Iran from selling oil to China, basically, by blockading the seas. And the idea here is that if the government doesn't have any money to pay its soldiers, its soldiers will just not fight, okay?
24:11But that didn't But that's not working either. So, then what you do, of course, is you attack civilian infrastructure, okay? Which is primarily water and oil. So, you may have seen the news that the Israelis attacked an oil depot in Tehran. And now, if you look If you look at a picture of Tehran, it's all black, okay?
And this is a war crime, or this goes against international law, because you're attacking civilians. But that's But that's what you do when you feel as though you need to apply more pressure to win this war, okay? And so, you can keep on escalating. Um and then what you do is that now the Now that you've attacked the civilians and they still refuse to surrender, what you do now is you use secret weapons. Secret weapons might be advanced missiles that no one's ever seen before.
Okay? And and the point of these secret weapons is to scare the crap out of people and say, "You see how dominant we are?" Okay? If that doesn't work, then what you do next is use biological and chemical weapons. Okay? Biochemical weapons.
Doesn't work either? Then, guys, nuclear weapons. All right. So, what we need to first understand is that you must follow this escalation ladder if you are to use nuclear weapons. And the reality is that, first of all, we have not seen secret weapons.
We have not seen biochemical weapons and therefore nuclear weapons comes later, okay? Unless I see biochemical weapons being used, I refuse to believe that nuclear weapons is on the table, okay? All right. So, I think we are here, which is the beginning of attacks on civilian infrastructure. But already
26:11we're seeing um arguments in the American political system against the use of um weapons against civilians, okay? The reason why is that if you do this, okay? If you destroy civilian infrastructure, you unite the people behind the government. Because the idea is that you use air strikes to split apart the government and the people and you want the people to overthrow the government for you, okay? That's that's the idea here.
Um so, we are at this stage, meaning that we have a long way to go before we hit nuclear weapons, okay? All right. So, now let's look at the uh Iranian um escalation ladder. So, what's happening is that in the beginning Iran does um two major things, okay? The first is attack uh military targets, okay?
And what they're basically targeting are US radar systems and air defenses. Because once these two things go, then Iran can attack whatever it wants, okay? It's also close to Strait of Hormuz. All right? And by closing the Strait of Hormuz, you put pressure on the economies of the GCC, as well as East Asia.
The hope is that um by blockading the economies, the GCC, uh UAE, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Qatar, Kuwait will put pressure on Donald Trump to end this war as quick as possible. Also, um East Asia receives most of its oil from the GCC, from the Strait of Hormuz, right? So, China gets about 40% of its oil, Japan gets 75%, um that's a lot of oil. So, the hope is that these countries will put pressure on the United States to end this war as
28:12soon as possible, okay? So, that is the uh Iranian strategy. But, if they're forced to go up the escalation ladder, what will happen is this. If you attack their economy, they will attack your economy as well, okay? With missiles.
Basically targeting oil fields. If you attack their civilian infrastructure, they will attack your civilian infrastructure as well. And what is the main weakness in these GCC countries? Desalination plants, okay? Desal- desalination plants.
And that's it, okay? That's extent of the Iranian escalation ladder. With Because it doesn't have nuclear weapons. It doesn't have biochemical weapons. Okay?
It doesn't have intercontinental missiles that it can target the United States with. So, as you can see, oh, the US and Israel have escalation tolerance because it can go up way up higher in the escalation escalation ladder than Iran. But that's the wrong way to understand this. Okay? Because if you look at their strategies, Iran has much more flexibility, much more calibration than the United States, okay?
When the United States attacks you, it's pretty blunt. But look, if I close the Strait of Hormuz, I can be strategic in how I close the Strait of Hormuz. For example, if you're a Chinese ship, I'll let you pass. For example, if you are a GCC nation and you want to bribe me, if you want to you want to pay me a tax, I'll let you pass as well. If you're a GCC GCC nation and you're like, you know what?
Forget the United States, I want to be your friend, Iran. I'll let you pass as well. You understand? So, by closing the Strait of Hormuz, it creates a calibration strategy. It allows Iran to selectively and strategically apply pressure to the friends of the United States so that they become the friends of Iran, okay?
30:14Same thing with these drone strikes against oil fields and military and military targets, right? If you attack me, I attack you with drones. But if you don't attack me, then I don't attack you. Okay? So, in other words, okay?
This is a really important idea. The US and Iran have different military decision trees. Okay? All right? So, let me explain how.
Because the United States and Israel, they're just attacking Iran. Okay? And they attack with air power, so that's more blood. All right? Okay?
So, you go from one step to the next to the next to the next, okay? This is this the classic escalation ladder. Iran is not like this. Their decision tree is different, okay? Because their strategy is to force the United States to admit defeat and retreat from the GCC.
Okay? To close down on the military bases in the Middle East so that Iran has control over the Strait of Hormuz and therefore it can control all world trade. All right? So, that's a strategy. So, this strategy means that you have different options.
All right? Your options are um attack Israel, um you know, military targets, civilian targets, Tel Aviv, okay? All right? So, I don't want to spend too much time on this, but as you can see, um if you think about it, Iran can be much more selective in its targeting than the United States and Israel. And therefore, the options that it has, it is much more diverse, which gives Iran escalation control
32:16over the situation. Okay? Do you guys Do you guys Do you guys understand this? All right. So, let's So, let's look at why Iran has um advantages over the the escalation ladder, okay?
US Iran The first major difference is that Iran is active. Whereas the US is passive.
[applause]
Okay? Another thing is this, go back to the bull example where the bully has to maintain credibility. He has to show that he's more powerful than the other than the other kids, right? So, if you provoke him, he has no choice in the matter but to hit you, okay? But you, the new kid, can choose whether or not to provoke him or not.
You can choose the timing of when to provoke him. Therefore, you are active, okay? The second big difference is that Iran has a clear strategy. It knows what it wants to accomplish and uh it knows how to accomplish what it wants. Remember, what what Iran wants is control of the Strait of Hormuz and the United States out of the Middle East.
That's what it wants to do and it's calibrating its attacks in a certain way to achieve this end goal and it's working out very well for Iran, okay? The United States, on the other hand, doesn't know what it wants. It wants to destroy Iran. What does that mean, okay? Destroy.
It could mean regime change. It could mean economic collapses. It could mean um the civilian population starves, okay? It It could mean anything. But because there's so much ambiguity, so much confusion about what it means, it confuses military strategy.
Right? And the last thing is, of course, is that Iran is flexible and the United STATES IS INFLEXIBLE.
34:21OKAY? SO, BY STUDYING the escalation ladder, we discover that Iran has far more advantages than the United States. Okay? All right. So, what So, what does this mean?
All right. It means that Iran will probably win this war ultimately. But, um it has There has to be major changes to its society in order to win this war. All right? So, remember, to win a fight, you have to have three things: focus, um clarity, and resolve.
All right?
[applause]
You have to know what your purpose is. You have to know how to achieve it. And you have to have You have to be determined to achieve it, okay? So, what does this mean for the Middle East? What does it mean for Iran?
What First thing is focus means unity. Meaning that you have to unite your population, which means basically crushing all dissent. You can't We can't argue anymore. We have to unify for a purpose, okay? The second thing, clarity, is to uh censor people.
Censorship. And we're already seeing that in Israel, where you're not allowed to film military strikes, okay? If a drone comes and attacks Tel Aviv in Israel, you cannot film that and put on on social media. Okay? The government will come and arrest you.
Same thing in Dubai. You cannot show uh Dubai being attacked, okay? So, massive censorship going on. And resolve just means militarization. Where the Middle East moves towards total war.
Total war just means that every citizen now is recruited into the war effort. It
36:22just means that the entire economy is geared towards um war. Okay? And one last point I'll make is this. What we need to understand about the escalation ladder is that as it moves up, we have to remember that this war is being fought multi-dimensionally. Okay?
What does that mean? It means that the military is just one dimension, but there are four major dimensions. There are others, but let's focus on four major dimensions, okay? The first major dimension is narrative. Narrative is basically world opinion.
Second, um is political. Political just means the relationship of nations to each other. The relationship of the of the government to the people, okay? Political. The third dimension is economical, economic.
And the fourth is military. What's really important to understand is that the military dimension is probably the least important. There are other dimensions that are much more important. Therefore, these four factors determine how the United States and Iran move up the escalation ladder. Okay?
Because your purpose is to control the narrative and justify why you're doing what you're doing. Uh political means you got you still maintain good relations with other states, right? So, as the United States is fighting this war against Iran, the United States is is still talking to China. The United States is is still talking to Russia, okay? So, that discussion, that political discussion, determines the contours of this fight.
Economic means that as this fight is still happening, nations are still trading with each other. And that factors into how the military is fought. Okay? Does that make sense? So, I know this is very complicated, but you need you need
38:22to understand how complicated war is. It's not as simple as saying, "You know what? Let's nuke that guy." Doesn't work that way, okay? There are a lot of constraints. There is a lot of factors, a lot of stakeholders involved to constrain the use of nukes.
Okay? All right. All right. So, let's now discuss ground troops. All right, the first question we look at is, will ground troops be used?
And the answer, unfortunately, is yes, they have to be used. And it has to do with how the military works, okay? Of how wars are fought. Basically, when you fight a war, you have to have a correct cost pyramid, okay? And the most simple cost pyramid, okay, is is this.
Infantry, soldiers, okay? All right? They're at the bottom. Why? Because they're the cheapest.
What's above them? Armor. Okay? Artillery, tanks. They're more expensive to produce.
You need more resources. You You need more time. Then you have naval, right? Then you have air. Okay?
Does that make sense? This is a cost pyramid. And cost pyramid just is this question like, how much energy, how much time, how much resources do you need do you do you need to produce a certain product, okay? It costs you very little to just produce a soldier, but it costs you a lot to produce an airplane. This is important because wars are usually wars of attrition.
Meaning that you have to put all your resources into winning a war, okay? So, this is just um production capacity. And this is the most standard model that you have of a cost pyramid for a military war. Okay? Does that make sense, guys?
40:22The problem is that the United States have an inverse pyramid. Okay? Meaning that air is what's dominant, then naval, then uh armor, then soldiers. You can't fight a war like this. I mean, the moment you choose to fight a war like this, you've lost the war because you either take out the country in like 2 days or you scoot over.
But you cannot replenish your forces. Now, I I I know this is hard to understand, but 1991, the Persian Gulf War, 2003, the Iraq War, these are not real wars, okay? Because the Americans were so dominant and Iraq was so weak that it was basically a video game. All right? You just see these these pilots flying around, just bombing everything, okay?
It's like guys in tanks just running over the the Iraqi army. Those were just video games. But this Iran thing is a real war. And therefore, you cannot fight a war like this. If you want to win this war, the only thing you can do is return to a realistic cost pyramid.
You don't have a choice in the matter. Right? Because again, your cheapest um product are soldiers. Right? And your your most expensive are airplanes.
You cannot afford to lose an airplane in order to say to save a life of a soldier. Eventually, this cost-benefit analysis will blow up on you, okay? Okay? Does that make sense, guys? All right?
So, if the United States wants to win this war, then they have no choice but to use ground troops, to use soldiers as the main force of its military. Any questions so far? All right. Okay. Now, the question then
42:24is will the United States use ground troops? I already said that if the United States is to win this war, it has no choice but to use ground troops. But, will the United States use ground troops? And a lot is determined by the game theory or strategies of the different players, okay? So, let's look at the four major players in this war.
You have US, you have Israel, you have Saudi Arabia, and you have Iran. Okay? All right. So, United States and Iran, they're pretty easy to understand. What the United States wants to do is destroy Iran.
[applause]
Okay? Why? Because if you destroy Iran, the United States would have complete control over Middle East oil. And it would control global trade for the Strait of Hormuz. And therefore, the United States can maintain its empire, okay?
So, a really simple objective, let's destroy Iran. We don't care how, we don't care why, let's just go do it, okay? Iran has another strategy, which is control Strait of Hormuz, and destroy CENTCOM. CENTCOM is basically uh the American military in the Middle East, called Central Command, okay? So, those those are two major military objectives of Iran.
And we can understand why, because if the CENTCOM is destroyed, Iran has complete control over the Middle East. Now, Dubai, now uh Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait have to pay taxes to Iran. Now Iran, the new kid, is now the bully of the Middle East, right? Now it's a hegemon. That is the local
44:24objective of this war. Okay? Um Israel is a bit more complicated. All right? For Israel, oh sorry sorry sorry, what The other thing is humble Israel.
That That's the other thing, because even if you even if you defeat the United States, you still have to deal with Israel, okay? And Israel is the great military power of the Middle East. So, you want to humble them. You want to weaken them. You can't destroy Israel, because Israel has nuclear weapons, right?
You piss off Israel, those nukes start flying. You don't want that, right? So, those are the three major political objectives for Iran. Control the Strait of Hormuz, destroy CENTCOM, and humble Israel. Okay?
If you are Israel, actually for you,
[snorts]
the strategy is different. What you want to do is this. You want to destroy CENTCOM and destroy Iran. Okay? Those are your objectives.
Why? Because if you destroy both the United States and you destroy Iran, then you are the sole hegemon in the Middle East, okay? Also, destroy the GCC. Destroy Saudi Arabia as well. Why?
Because once Saudi Arabia is destroyed, all its resources belong to you, okay? And this creates something called the Greater Israel Project, which is what we will discuss next class. But as you can see, what's really important is that even though the United States and Israel are allies, their ultimate strategy is different. Their objectives are different. In fact, they're in conflict, okay?
Then you have Saudi Arabia. What does Saudi Arabia Arabia want to do? Well, destroy Iran. Because if you destroy Iran, you have complete control of the Strait of Hormuz. Then you you can be the bully, okay?
But you also want to destroy the US and you want to humble Israel.
46:27All right? Does that make sense? All right? So, by understanding how each player perceives the game, we can now understand how they will go about their strategy. Right?
So, the United States just wants to destroy Iran. But as you can see, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iran all want to destroy the United States. And how do you do that? You do that by forcing the United States into a long ground war. Right?
Therefore, if you're Israel, you don't want to use nukes. Why? Because nukes would end the war too quickly. You want to drag this war out as long as possible
[snorts]
to force the United States to send in ground troops. And then you're like, "Well, why doesn't the United States use nuclear weapons?" And the answer I is is already told you, the escalation ladder. It needs to justify justify itself to the to the people, okay? When you do anything, all right? When you do anything, Sorry.
When you do anything, you have to worry about certain factors, okay? You have to worry about troop morale. Your soldiers have to believe that they are fighting for a good cause, okay? You have to worry about public opinion. You have to make sure that the world is on your side.
You have to worry about politics, political will. You have to make sure you the people are unified Uh uh and you have to worry about enemy morale. You don't want to piss off the person's your enemy so much that they go into an extreme uh they jump the escalation ladder to to extreme beyond your beyond your control. Okay, does that make sense? Okay?
So, as you can see, war is extremely complicated. It's not just about weaponry. It's not just about um resources. It's ultimately about controlling the narrative, controlling the political
48:28landscape. Okay? Marshalling the resources in a proper way that is strategically beneficial. All right? Does that make sense to you guys?
Okay. So, um Yeah. So, we we just answered two questions. Will the United States use ground troops? Yes, it will because Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Israel will work together to force a ground invasion.
Even though the United States doesn't want to do so, but unfortunately the United States doesn't have a clear, coherent strategy. It's passive. Therefore, it it can be manipulated into sending a ground invasion, okay? And the second question is, will Israel and the United States use nuclear weapons? And the answer is no, because it's not in their best interest to use nuclear weapons.
Okay? Israel wants the United States to lose this war. And that means a long war that destroys the American political will to fight any more foreign wars. If America loses, Israel becomes the dominant power in the Middle East. Okay?
And so, the last question is the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and we will answer that next class on Thursday. Any questions? Will Will Americans take over Iran like what they did to Venezuela? Like they captured their president. Okay.
Look. The strategy in the beginning was to do a Venezuela in Iran. Meaning you go in, you kill the leader, a new leader emerges, negotiate with you, and and surrender to you because you're too powerful. Okay? But Venezuela and Iran are two very different countries.
The Venezuelan elite is very pro-American, meaning that
50:28their their wealth, their children, their family is stored in America. Therefore, the Venezuelan elite have a vested interest in negotiating a deal with America to protect their own interests. But for uh 40-plus years, America has sanctioned the Iranian elite, and Iran has become poor and angry and disgruntled because of that. Therefore, they have They lose nothing by fighting you, okay? So even though you've killed the supreme leader, and you've killed many other leaders, in fact, the elite themselves are unified in opposing you.
Okay? Does that make sense? Okay. Any more questions? Uh yep.
Um Alan. So I in fact have a question about the motivation of US to involve in this war. Like uh as you said that US want to control the oil the oil. So like they must destroy Iran. But I I think this is like a bit a little bit confusing because uh I think US know that this war is really uh highly risk, and it can potentially even like destroy the whole systems.
So why US risk the the the the risk of like whole system collapsing to like control the oil that Iran had? Okay. All right. So this is the um key question that everyone's arguing about. Quite honestly, we're going to argue this for the rest of eternity, okay?
We're going to We're going to argue this for eternity because like no one knows, and there's never going to be a clear answer. In fact, there are multiple possibilities, okay? What What I'm going to do today is offer you the most simple explanation. In the next class, I will offer you a much more complicated explanation, okay? But, the simple explanation is this.
Again, this goes back to military doctrine. Um how the United States military works, okay? And the military doctrine is prevent the heartland from arising, right? So, United States is here.
52:31This is Europe. This is Russia. This is Iran, India, China, Japan, this is um Middle East, and this is Africa. All right. So, the American military doctrine is this.
The greatest threat to American power is the heartland unified by land. Okay? Why? Because if the heartland unifies, it can trade by itself through railways. But, America is primarily a naval power.
Therefore, it requires people to trade by sea. Okay? And so, its strategy is to make sure there's never any cohesion in the heartland. Either by making sure that no great power arises in the heartland, and that's why America went went to war in World War I and World War II because there's a great fear that Germany would conquer the world or Europe and Asia, and create the heartland, okay? Therefore, America has to stop Germany from rising.
Um so, you either make sure no great power arises, or you create so much conflict that they're always fighting each other. And that used to work before, okay? Now, there's a problem. The problem is the uh BRICS nations. Russia, Iran, and China are coming together.
And if they come together, guys, that's a major piece of the heartland. And everyone else, Europe, Middle East, Africa, with India, would probably follow, okay? Because it is easier to trade in the heartland than it is to trade with America, especially with the US dollar declining. Right? So, in other words, the United States has no no choice but to fight this war, because that's their entire strategy to
54:31maintain hegemony in the world, to prevent the heartland from unifying. All right? Does that make sense? Because I want you to destroy Iran, the heartland fractures. There's no way that they can now trade together anymore.
They're still reliant on American um maritime routes, okay? America has maintains a head head is still the hegemon because it controls world trade. Whoever controls world trade controls the world. Whoever controls the heartland controls world trade, okay? Does that make sense?
Okay? But, this is just one explanation. There's actually other explanations, and I'll go into a more complicated explanation next class. All right? Any more questions?
Yep. So, you mentioned Saudi Arabia, and how it wants to see the downfall of both uh the US and Iran. It wants to see the see the downfall of Israel, US, and Iran.
And yeah. And to me, that sounds like a pretty big goal. And how would you say how would they possibly use their strategy to achieve that goal? Or how would it possibly be for Saudi Arabia?
Okay. All right. So, it's very confusing to people why Saudi Arabia is actually against Iran, okay? But it actually if you go back and look at their history, they have major conflicts with each other. All right, so let's go over some some of the conflicts.
All right. So, uh Saudi Arabia, Iran. The first major conflict is that Iran is a theocracy. And Saudi Arabia is a monarchy. A theocracy just means that you're ruled by clerics who represent God.
The monarchy is a king who represents God. And for the Iranians, that is blasphemy. That's
56:31heresy. That's against the religion, okay? So, Saudi Arabia and Iran hate each other. Saudi Arabia sees Iran as a threat and trying to induce a revolution within Saudi Arabia. Iran sees Saudi Arabia as blasphemous.
Okay? And it's a huge issue because Saudi Arabia is the home of Mecca Medina, the two holiest sites in the Islamic world, okay? Second issue is that Saudi Arabia is Sunni and Shia and Iran is Shia. So, these are two different sects of the same religion, but it's like Protestants and Catholics. They just hate each other, okay?
Um Okay. And the last thing is that Iran is anti-US. And Shia and Saudi Arabia is pro-US. What this means is that Saudi Arabia has military bases, American military bases, inside of of holy land. And for the Iranians, that is the worst crime.
Right? Because it's infidels who are protecting the holy land. Infidels are not allowed in the holy land. Right? You're not If If you're not a Muslim, you're not allowed to go to Mecca.
Right? All right. So, Saudi Arabia and Iran hate each other. Saudi Arabia has a huge problem in that it is an oil economy. It's most of its GDP comes from oil exports.
And for the longest time, it was trying to build a knowledge economy. It was trying to build tourism. It was trying to promote games, okay? Does not work. So, if you're Saudi Arabia and you see the future, it's a pretty dismal future because eventually your oil is going to run out.
Eventually, people are going to switch to electrical vehicles, digitalization, which means that oil is no longer so important. Okay? So, what you need to do is if you're
58:32able to control the Middle East, right? So, where where you get your money now is from trade access, the Strait of Hormuz. That's about your future. If you just sit back and wait, eventually your nation is going to run out of oil and therefore it's going to cease to exist. Okay?
So, Saudi Arabia needs to act now. And it needs And the way that it wants to act is it wants to create a uh conflict between United States, Israel, and Iran, where they destroy each other. Once they destroy each other, Saudi Arabia can come up on top. Now, I- Israel cannot be destroyed because Israel has nuclear weapons. But, the goal is to negotiate a peace with Israel after the war is over.
Right? Does that make sense? To split the Middle East between Israel and Saudi Arabia. But, will Israel agree to this deal? Probably not.
But, according to game theory, Saudi Arabia has no choice in this matter because it is so far behind everyone else, okay? You can only hope that this chaos leads to new possibilities. Because given the structure of the game so far, it does not have a very good future, okay? Does that make sense? All right, any more questions, guys?
All right, okay, great questions. So, please continue to follow the war, okay? So, you have to follow the war and understand what's going on. And in this class, what I'm doing is I'm providing you the game theory analysis for you to understand what's happening and why it's happening and where this war is going, okay? Again, the three big predictions I make um and we'll know in the next year or two if these three three things happen or not is United States will send in ground troops.
It has no choice in the matter if it wants to win this war or continue this war. There'll be no nuclear weapons weapons being used. Again, I will apologize to the world if nuclear weapons are used, okay? The third is that the Al-Aqsa Mosque will be destroyed at some point. And that's something I will talk about next class.
61:28Mhm.